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Preface xv Acknowledgments and Conflict of Interest xvii 1 A Brief Introduction of Lignin 1 Yuhe Liao 2 NMR Characterization of Lignin 15 Cheng-Ye Ma, Ying Xu, Ling-Hua Xu, Chen Zhang, Ji-Yun Qi and Jia-Long Wen 3 Advances in the Molar Mass and Functionality Analysis of Lignin 61 Oliver Musl and Antje Potthast 4 Degradative Methods for Lignin Valorization 85 Elisabetta Borsella, Pietro Colucci, Giuseppe Lembo and Heiko Lange 5 Isolation of Native-Like Lignin 139 Zhiwen Wang, Yiwei Fan and Peter J. Deuss 6 Isolation of Lignin in the Biorefinery Process 163 Qian Xu and Ling-Ping Xiao 7 Gasification and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) from Lignin 183 Subhashini, Michal Jeremias and Vineet Singh Sikarwar 8 Enzymatic and Microbial Bioconversion of Lignin to Renewable Chemicals 203 Timothy D.H. Bugg, Victoria Sodré, Awatif Alruwaili and Goran M.M. Rashid 9 Approaches to the Oxidative Depolymerization of Lignin 231 Elena Subbotina, Shannon S. Stahl, Paul Anastas and Joseph S.M. Samec 10 Photocatalytic Conversion of Lignin 265 Xuejiao Wu, Shunji Xie and Ye Wang 11 Electrochemical Conversion for Lignin Valorization 295 Qi Zhu, Mahlet Garedew, Bing Song, Yuliang Li and Jason Chun-Ho Lam 12 Recent Advances in Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials Produced using Technical and Depolymerized Native Lignins 327 Kirk M. Torr, Oliver J. Driscoll, Daniel J. van de Pas and Elias Feghali 13 Advances in Preparation and Applications of Lignin Nanoparticles 369 Mika H. Sipponen and Liyang Liu 14 Carbon (Nano)Fibers and Carbon Materials from Lignin and Their Applications 401 Muhammad Muddasar, Anne Beaucamp, Mark Vaughan, Misbah Mushtaq, Mario Culebras, Marina M. Leite, Tadhg Kennedy and Maurice N. Collins 15 Lignin-based Hydrogel: Mechanism, Properties, and Applications 433 Qiang Wang, Baobin Wang, Jiachuan Chen, Guihua Yang, Lei Zhang, Kefeng Liu, Qimeng Jiang and Pedram Fatehi References 461 Index 469