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Viser: Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Craig Bohren og Bruce Albrecht
(2023)
Sprog: Engelsk
Oxford University Press
621,00 kr.
Print on demand. Leveringstid vil være ca 2-3 uger.
Detaljer om varen
- 2. Udgave
- Paperback: 480 sider
- Udgiver: Oxford University Press (Maj 2023)
- Forfattere: Craig Bohren og Bruce Albrecht
- ISBN: 9780198872719
Atmospheric Thermodynamics provides a comprehensive treatment of a subject that can often be intimidating. The text analyses real-life problems and applications of the subject, alongside of guiding the reader through the fundamental basics and covering the first and second laws and the ideal gas law, followed by an emphasis on moist processes in Earth's atmosphere. Water in all its phases is a critical component of weather and the Earth's climate system. With user-friendly chapters that include energy conservation and water and its transformations, the authors write with a willingness to expose assumptions and approximations usually absent in other textbooks. History is woven into the text to provide a context for the time evolution of thermodynamics and its place in atmospheric science and demonstrating how physical reasoning leads to correct explanations of everyday phenomena. Many of the experiments described were done using inexpensive instruments to take advantage of the earth's atmosphere as a freely accessible thermodynamics library. This second edition provides updated treatments of atmospheric measurements and substantially expanded sections that include atmospheric applications of the first and second laws and energy exchange between humans and their atmospheric environment. With 400+ thought provoking problems and 350 references with annotated notes and further reading suggestions, this second edition provides a basic understanding of the fundamentals of this subject while still being a comprehensive reference guide for those working in the field of atmospheric and environmental sciences.
1 INTRODUCTION: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY1.1. Thermodynamics: A Science of Measurable Quantities1.2. Conservation of Energy in Mechanics1.3. Conservation of Energy: A System of Point Molecules1.4. A Few Examples of Energy Conservation1.5. Kinetic Energy Exchanges in Molecular Collisions1.6. Working and Heating1.7. Some Necessary Thermodynamic Concepts and Jargon1.8. Thermodynamic Internal Energy and the First Law2 IDEAL GAS LAW: PRESSURE AND ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE2.1. Gas Pressure and Absolute Temperature: What Are They and What Are They Not?2.2. Pressure Decrease with Height: Continuum Approach2.3. Pressure Decrease with Height: Molecular Interpretation2.4. The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of Molecular Speeds2.5. Intermolecular Separation, Mean Free Path, and Collision Rate2.6. Is the Pressure Gradient a Fundamental Force of Nature?2.7. Surface Pressure and Weight of the Atmosphere2.8. The Atmosphere Is a Mixture of Gases: Dalton's Law3 SPECIFIC HEATS AND ENTHALPY: ADIABATIC PROCESSES3.1. A Critique of the Mathematics of Thermodynamics3.2. Specific Heats and Enthalpy3.3. Adiabatic Processes: Poisson's Relations3.4. (Dry) Adiabatic Processes in the Atmosphere3.5. Stability and Buoyancy3.6. Specific Heats of Gas Molecules3.7. Heat Capacities of Mixtures of Gases3.8. Atmospheric Applications of the First Law3.9. Chemical Reactions and Temperature Changes3.10. Residence Time of the Internal Kinetic Energy of Earth's Atmosphere4 ENTROPY4.1. Entropy of an Ideal Gas4.2. Entropy Changes of Liquids and Isotropic Solids4.3. Atmospheric Applications of the Second Law5 WATER AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS5.1. Evaporation and Condensation of Water Vapor5.2. Measures of Water Vapor in Air5.3. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation5.4. van der Waals Equation of State5.5. Phase Diagrams: Liquid-Vapor; Liquid-Solid-Vapor; Triple Point5.6. Free Energy5.7. Effect of Air Pressure on Saturation Vapor Pressure5.8. Lowering of Vapor Pressure by Dissolution5.9. Air in Water: Henry's Law5.10. Size Dependence of Vapor Pressure: Water Droplets, Solution Droplets, and Bubbles6 MOIST AIR AND CLOUDS6.1. Precipitable Water in the Atmosphere6.2. Lapse Rate of the Dew Point: Level of Cloud Formation6.3. Density of Moist Air: Virtual Temperature6.4. Wet-Bulb Temperature6.5. Lapse Rate for Isentropic Ascent of a Saturated Parcel6.6. Thermodynamic Diagrams6.7. Stability and Cloud Formation6.8. Mixing Clouds6.9. Cloud Formation on Ascent and Descent7 ENERGY, MOMENTUM, AND MASS TRANSFER7.1. Energy Transfer by Thermal Conduction7.2. Momentum Transfer: Viscosity7.3. Mass Transfer: DiffusionBibliographyIndex
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