Hjem

Module 1 Development of practical skills in BiologyModule 2 Foundations in BiologyChapter 22.1: Microscopy2.2: Magnification and calibration2.3: More microscopy2.4: Eukaryotic cell structure2.5: The ultrastructure of plant cells2.6: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellsChapter 2 Practice questionsChapter 3 Biological Molecules3.1: Biological elements3.2: Water3.3: Carbohydrates3.4: Testing for carbohydrates3.5: Lipids3.6: Structure of proteins3.7: Types of proteins3.8: Nucleic acids3.9: DNA replication and the genetic code3.10: Protein synthesis3.11: ATPChapter 3 Practice questionsChapter 4 Enzymes4.1: Enzyme action4.2: Factors affecting enzyme activity4.3: Enzyme inhibitors4.4: Cofactors, coenqymes, and prosthetic groupsChapter 4 Practice questionsChapter 5 Plasma membranes5.1: The structure and function of membranes5.2: Factors affecting membrane structure5.3: Diffusion5.4: Active transport5.5: OsmosisChapter 5 Practice questionsChapter 6 Cell division6.1: The cell cycle6.2: Mitosis6.3: Meiosis6.4: The organisation and specialisation of cells6.5: Stem cellsChapter 6 Practice questionsModule 2 summaryModule 2 practice questionsModule 3 Exchange and transportModule 3 IntroductionChapter 7 Exchange surfaces and breathing7.1: Specialised exchange surfaces7.2: The mammalian gaseous exchange system7.3: Measuring the process7.4: Ventilation and gas exchange inother organismsChapter 7 Practice questionsChapter 8 Transport in animals8.1: Transport systems in multicellular animals8.2: Blood vessels8.3: Blood, tissue fluid, and lymph8.4: Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood8.5: The heartChapter 8 Practice questionsChatper 9 Transport in plants9.1: Transport systems in dicotyledonous plants9.2: Water transport in multicellular plants9.3: Transpiration9.4: Translocation9.5: Plant adaptations to water availabilityChapter 9 Practice questionsModule 3 summaryModule 3 practice questionsModule 4 Biodiversity, evolution and diseaseModule 4 introductionChapter 10 Classification and evolution10.1: Classification10.2: The five kingdoms10.3: Phylogeny10.4: Evidence for evolution10.5: Types of variation10.6: Representing variation graphically10.7: Adaptations10.8: Changing population characteristicsChapter 10 practice questionsChapter 11 Biodiversity11.1: Biodiversity11.2: Types of sampling11.3: Sampling techniques11.4: Calculating biodiversity11.5: Calculating genetic biodiversity11.5: Factors affecting biodiversity11.7: Reasons for maintaining biodiversity11.8: Methods of maintaining biodiversityChapter 11 practice questionsChapter 12 Communicable diseases12.1: Animal and plant pathogens12.2: Animal and plant diseases12.3: The transmission of communicable diseases12.4: Plant defences against pathogens12.5: Non-specific animal defences against pathogens12.6: The specific immune system12.7: Preventing and treating diseaseChapter 12 practice questionsModule 4 summaryModule 4 practice questionsModule 5 Communication, homeostasis, and energyChapter 13 Neuronal communicationChapter 13 Neuronal communication13.1: Coordination13.2: Neurones13.3: Sensory receptors13.4: Nervous transmission13.5: Synapses13.6: Organisation of the nervous system13.7: Structure and function of the brain13.8: Reflexes13.9: Voluntary and involuntary muscles13.10: Sliding filament modelChapter 13 Practice questionsChapter 14 Hormonal communication14.1: Hormonal communication14.2: Structure and function of the pancreas14.3: Regulation of blood glucose concentration14.4: Diabetes and its control14.5: Coordinated responses14.6: Controlling heart rateChapter 14 Practice questionsChapter 15 Homeostasis15.1: The principles of homeostasis15.2: Thermoregulation in ectotherms15.3: Thermoregulation in endotherms15.4: Excretion, homeostasis, and the liver15.5: The structure and function of the mammalian kidney15.6: The kidney and osmoregulation15.7: Urine and diagnosis15.8: Kidney failureChapter 15 Practice questionsChapter 16 Plant responses16.1: Plant hormones and growth in platns16.2: Plant responses to abiotic stress16.3: Plant response to herbivory16.4: Tropisms in plants16.5: The commercial use of plant hormonesChapter 16 Practice questionsChapter 17 Energy for biological processes17.1: Energy cycles17.2: ATP synthesis17.3: Photosynthesis17.4: Factors affecting photosynthesisChapter 17 Practice questionsChapter 18 Respiration18.1: Glycolysis18.2: Linking glycolysis and the Krebs cycle18.3: The Kreb cycle18.4: Oxidative phosphorylation18.5: Aerobic respiration18.6: Respiratory substratesChapter 18 Practice questionsModule 5 summaryModule 5 questionsModule 6 Genetics, evolution, and ecosystemsChapter 19 Genetics of living systems19.1: Mutations and variation19.2: Control of gene expression19.3: Body plansChapter 19 Practice questionsChapter 20 Patterns of inheritance and variation20.1: Variation and inheritance20.2: Monogenic inheritance20.3: Dihybrid inheritance20.4: Phenotypic ratios20.5: Evolution20.6: Speciation and artifical selectionChapter 20 Practice questionsChapter 21 Manipulating genomes21.1: DNA profiling21.2: DNA sequencing and analysis21.3: Using DNA sequencing21.4: Genetic engineering21.5: Gene technology and ethicsChapter 21 Practice questionsChapter 22 Cloing and biotechnology22.1: Natural cloning in plants22.2: Artificial cloning in plants21.4: Cloning in animals22.4: Microorganisms and biotechnology22.5: Microorganisms, medicines, and bioremediation22.6: Culturing microorganisms in the laboratory22.7: Culturing microorganisms on an industrial scale22.8: Using immobilised enzymesChapter 22 Practice questionsChapter 23 Ecosystems23.1: Ecosystems23.2: Biomass transfer through an ecosystem23.3: Recycling within ecosystems23.4: Succession23.5: Measuring the distribution and abundance of organismsChapter 23 Practice questionsChapter 24 Populations and sustainability24.1: Population size24.2: Competition24.3: PredatorDSprey relationships24.4: Conservation and preservation24.5: Sustainability24.6: Ecosystem management DS Masai mara24.7: Ecosystem management DS Terai region of Nepal24.8: Ecosystem management DS Peat bogs24.9: Environmentally sensitive ecosystemsChapter 24 Practice questionsModule 6 summaryModule 6 questions