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Introduction xix
Part I: Network Fundamentals
CHAPTER 1 IPv4 Addressing-How It Works 1 What Are IPv4 Addresses Used For? 1 What Does an IPv4 Address Look Like? 2 Network and Subnetwork Masks 2 Ways to Write a Network or Subnet Mask 3 Network, Node, and Broadcast Addresses 3 Classes of IPv4 Addresses 4 Network vs. Node (Host) Bits 5 RFC (Private) 1918 Addresses 6 Local vs. Remote Addresses 7 Classless Addressing 7 Lessons Learned 9
CHAPTER 2 How to Subnet IPv4 Addresses 11 Subnetting a Class C Network Using Binary 12 Subnetting a Class B Network Using Binary 15 Binary ANDing 17 So Why AND? 19 Shortcuts in Binary ANDing 20
CHAPTER 3 Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) 23 IP Subnet Zero 23 VLSM Example 24 Step
1: Determine How Many H Bits Will Be Needed to Satisfy the Largest Network 25 Step
2: Pick a Subnet for the Largest Network to Use 25 Step
3: Pick the Next Largest Network to Work With 26 Step
4: Pick the Third Largest Network to Work With 28 Step
5: Determine Network Numbers for Serial Links 30
CHAPTER 4 Route Summarization 33 Example for Understanding Route Summarization 33 Step
1: Summarize Winnipeg''s Routes 34 Step
2: Summarize Calgary''s Routes 35 Step
3: Summarize Edmonton''s Routes 35 Step
4: Summarize Vancouver''s Routes 36 Route Summarization and Route Flapping 38 Requirements for Route Summarization 38
CHAPTER 5 IPv6 Addressing-How It Works 39 IPv6: A Very Brief Introduction 39 What Does an IPv6 Address Look Like? 40 Reducing the Notation of an IPv6 Address 41 Rule
1: Omit Leading 0s 41 Rule
2: Omit All-0s Hextet 42 Combining Rule 1 and Rule 2 42 Prefix Length Notation 43 IPv6 Address Types 44 Unicast Addresses 45 Multicast Addresses 48 Anycast Addresses 50
CHAPTER 6 Cables and Connections 51 Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch 51 Using a USB Cable to Connect to Your Router or Switch 51 Terminal Settings 52 LAN Connections 53 Serial Cable Types 53 Which Cable to Use? 55 ANSI/TIA Cabling Standards 56 T568A Versus T568B Cables 57
CHAPTER 7 The Command-Line Interface 59 Shortcuts for Entering Commands 59 Using the Tab Key to Complete Commands 60 Console Error Messages 60 Using the Question Mark for Help 60 enable Command 61 exit Command 61 end Command 61 disable Command 61 logout Command 62 Setup Mode 62 Keyboard Help 62 History Commands 63 terminal Commands 64 show Commands 64 Using the Pipe Parameter ( ) with the show or more Commands 64 Using the no and default Forms of Commands 66
Part II: LAN Switching Technologies
CHAPTER 8 Configuring a Switch 67 Help Commands 68 Command Modes 68 Verifying Commands 68 Resetting Switch Configuration 69 Setting Host Names 69 Setting Passwords 69 Setting IP Addresses and Default Gateways 70 Setting Interface Descriptions 70 The mdix auto Command 70 Setting Duplex Operation 71 Setting Operation Speed 71 Managing the MAC Address Table 72 Configuration Example 72
CHAPTER 9 VLANs 75 Creating Static VLANs 75 Creating Static VLANs Using VLAN Configuration Mode 75 Assigning Ports to VLANs 76 Using the range Command 76 Configuring a Voice VLAN 76 Configuring Voice and Data with Trust 77 Configuring Voice and Data Without Trust 78 Verifying VLAN Information 78 Saving VLAN Configurations 79 Erasing VLAN Configurations 79 Configuration Example: VLANs 80 2960 Switch 80
CHAPTER 10 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Communication 83 Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) 83 Setting the VLAN Encapsulation Type 84 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 84 Verifying VTP 86 Inter-VLAN Communication Using an External Router: Router-on-a-Stick 87 Inter-VLAN Communication on a Multilayer Switch Through a Switch Virtual Interface 88 Removing L2 Switchport Capability of an Interface on an L3 Switch 88 Configuring Inter-VLAN Communication on an L3 Switch 88 Inter-VLAN Communication Tips 88 Configuration Example: Inter-VLAN Communication 89 ISP Router 89 CORP Router 90 L2Switch2 (Catalyst 2960) 92 L3Switch1 (Catalyst 3560/3650/3750) 94 L2Switch1 (Catalyst 2960) 95
CHAPTER 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 97 Spanning Tree Protocol Definition 97 Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol 98 Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 99 BPDU Guard (3650/9xxx Series) 99 Configuring the Root Switch 100 Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 100 Configuring Port Priority 100 Configuring the Path Cost 101 Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 101 Configuring STP Timers 102 Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features 102 PortFast 102 BPDU Guard (2xxx/Older 3xxx Series) 103 Enabling the Extended System ID 103 Verifying STP 104 Troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol 104 Configuration Example: PVST+ 104 Core Switch (3650) 105 Distribution 1 Switch (3650) 106 Distribution 2 Switch (3650) 106 Access 1 Switch (2960) 107 Access 2 Switch (2960) 107 Spanning-Tree Migration Example: PVST+ to Rapid-PVST+ 108 Access 1 Switch (2960) 108 Access 2 Switch (2960) 108 Distribution 1 Switch (3650) 109 Distribution 2 Switch (3650) 109 Core Switch (3650) 109
CHAPTER 12 EtherChannel 111 EtherChannel 111 Interface Modes in EtherChannel 111 Default EtherChannel Configuration 112 Guidelines for Configuring EtherChannel 112 Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 113 Configuring Layer 3 EtherChannel 114 Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing 114 Configuring LACP Hot-Standby Ports 115 Monitoring and Verifying EtherChannel 116 Configuration Example: EtherChannel 117 DLSwitch (3560 or 9300) 117 ALSwitch1 (2960 or 9200) 118 ALSwitch2 (2960 or 9200) 119
CHAPTER 13 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) 121 Cisco Discovery Protocol 121 Configuring CDP 121 Verifying and Troubleshooting CDP 122 CDP Design Tips 122 Link Layer Discovery Protocol (802.1AB) 123 Configuring LLDP (802.1AB) 123 Verifying and Troubleshooting LLDP 124
Part III: Routing Technologies
CHAPTER 14 Configuring a Cisco Router 125 Router Modes 126 Entering Global Configuration Mode 126 Configuring a Router Name 126 Configuring Passwords 126 Password Encryption 127 Interface Names 127 Moving Between Interfaces 131 Configuring a Serial Interface 132 Assigning an IPv4 Address to a Fast Ethernet Interface 132 Assigning an IPv4 Address to a Gigabit Ethernet Interface 132 Assigning IPv6 Addresses to Interfaces 133 Creating a Message-of-the-Day Banner 133 Creating a Login Banner 134 Mapping a Local Host Name to a Remote IP Address 134 The no ip domain-lookup Command 134 Working with DNS on a Router 134 The logging synchronous Command 135 The exec-timeout Command 136 Saving Configurations 136 Erasing Configurations 136 The write Command 137 Verifying Your Configurations Using show Commands 137 EXEC Commands in Configuration Mode: The do Command 138 Configuration Example: Basic Router Configuration 138 Boston Router 138
CHAPTER 15 Static Routing 141 Configuring an IPv4 Static Route 141 Static Routes and Recursive Lookups 142 The permanent Keyword 142 Floating Static Routes in IPv4 and Administrative Distance 143 Configuring an IPv4 Default Route 144 Verifying IPv4 Static Routes 144 Configuration Example: IPv4 Static Routes 144 Ketchikan Router 145 Juneau Router 145 Sitka Router 146 Configuring an IPv6 Static Route 146 Floating Static Routes in IPv6 147 Configuring an IPv6 Default Route 147 Verifying IPv6 Static Routes 147
CHAPTER 16 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 149 OSPFv2 Versus OSPFv3 149 Configuring OSPF 150 Using Wildcard Masks with OSPF Areas 150 Loopback Interfaces 152 Router ID 152 DR/BDR Elections 153 Timers 153 Verifying OSPFv2 Configurations 153 Troubleshooting OSPFv2 154 Configuration Example: Single-Area OSPF 154 Austin Router 155 Houston Router 156 Galveston Router 157
Part IV: IP Services
CHAPTER 17 DHCP 159 Configuring a DHCP Server on an IOS Router 159 Using Cisco IP Phones with a DHCP Server 160 Verifying and Troubleshooting DHCP Configuration 160 Configuring a DHCP Helper Address 161 Configuring a DHCP Client on a Cisco IOS Software Ethernet Interface 162 Configuration Example: DHCP 162 Edmonton Router 162 Gibbons Router 164
CHAPTER 18 Network Address Translation (NAT) 165 Private IP Addresses: RFC 1918 165 Configuring Dynamic NAT: One Private to One Public Address Translation 165 Configuring PAT: Many Private to One Public Address Translation 167 Configuring Static NAT: One Private to One Permanent Public Address Translation 169 Verifying NAT and PAT Configurations 170 Troubleshooting