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Foreword xlii Preface xliv Acknowledgments xlvi Section One: Basic Administration
Chapter 1: Where to Start 3 Essential duties of the system administrator 4 Suggested background 6 Friction between UNIX and Linux 7 Linux distributions 9 Example systems used in this book 10 System-specific administration tools 13 Notation and typographical conventions 13 Units 14 Man pages and other on-line documentation 16 Other authoritative documentation 18 Other sources of information 20 Ways to find and install software 21 System administration under duress 26 Recommended reading 27 Exercises 28
Chapter 2: Scripting and the Shell 29 Shell basics 30 bash scripting 37 Regular expressions 48 Perl programming 54 Python scripting 66 Scripting best practices 73 Recommended reading 74 Exercises 76
Chapter 3: Booting and Shutting Down 77 Bootstrapping 78 Booting PCs 82 GRUB: The GRand Unified Boot loader 83 Booting to single-user mode 86 Working with startup scripts 87 Booting Solaris 97 Rebooting and shutting down 100 Exercises 102
Chapter 4: Access Control and Rootly Powers 103 Traditional UNIX access control 104 Modern access control 106 Real-world access control 110 Pseudo-users other than root 118 Exercises 119
Chapter 5: Controlling Processes 120 Components of a process 120 The life cycle of a process 123 Signals 124 kill
: send signals 127 Process states 128 nice and renice
: influence scheduling priority 129 ps
: monitor processes 130 Dynamic monitoring with top , prstat , and topas 133 The /proc filesystem 135 strace , truss , and tusc
: trace signals and system calls 136 Runaway processes 138 Recommended reading 139 Exercises 139
Chapter 6: The Filesystem 140 Pathnames 142 Filesystem mounting and unmounting 143 The organization of the file tree 145 File types 147 File attributes 152 Access control lists 159 Exercises 173
Chapter 7: Adding New Users 174 The /etc/passwd file 176 The /etc/shadow and /etc/security/passwd files 183 The /etc/group file 186 Adding users: the basic steps 187 Adding users with useradd 191 Adding users in bulk with newusers (Linux) 197 Removing users 198 Disabling logins 200 Managing users with system-specific tools 201 Reducing risk with PAM 201 Centralizing account management 201 Recommended reading 204 Exercises 205
Chapter 8: Storage 206 I just want to add a disk! 207 Storage hardware 209 Storage hardware interfaces 213 Peeling the onion: the software side of storage 220 Attachment and low-level management of drives 223 Disk partitioning 231 RAID: redundant arrays of inexpensive disks 237 Logical volume management 246 Filesystems 254 ZFS: all your storage problems solved 264 Storage area networking 274 Exercises 281
Chapter 9: Periodic Processes 283 cron
: schedule commands 283 The format of crontab files 284 Crontab management 286 Linux and Vixie-cron extensions 287 Some common uses for cron 288 Exercises 291
Chapter 10: Backups 292 Motherhood and apple pie 293 Backup devices and media 299 Saving space and time with incremental backups 305 Setting up a backup regime with dump 307 Dumping and restoring for upgrades 314 Using other archiving programs 315 Using multiple files on a single tape 317 Bacula 318 Commercial backup products 335 Recommended reading 337 Exercises 337
Chapter 11: Syslog and Log Files 340 Finding log files 341 Syslog: the system event logger 344 AIX logging and error handling 353 logrotate
: manage log files 356 Condensing log files to useful information 358 Logging policies 359 Exercises 361
Chapter 12: Software Installation and Management 362 Installing Linux and OpenSolaris 363 Installing Solaris 370 Installing HP-UX 377 Installing AIX with the Network Installation Manager 380 Managing packages 381 Managing Linux packages 382 Using high-level Linux package management systems 384 Managing packages for UNIX 393 Revision control 397 Software localization and configuration 404 Using configuration management tools 408 Sharing software over NFS 411 Recommended reading 413 Exercises 414
Chapter 13: Drivers and the Kernel 415 Kernel adaptation 416 Drivers and device files 417 Linux kernel configuration 421 Solaris kernel configuration 427 HP-UX kernel configuration 431 Management of the AIX kernel 432 Loadable kernel modules 434 Linux udev for fun and profit 437 Recommended reading 443 Exercises 444 Section Two: Networking
Chapter 14: TCP/IP Networking 447 TCP/IP and its relationship to the Internet 447 Networking road map 450 Packet addressing 454 IP addresses: the gory details 457 Routing 465 ARP: the Address Resolution Protocol 468 DHCP: the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 469 Security issues 472 PPP: the Point-to-Point Protocol 476 Basic network configuration 476 System-specific network configuration 484 Linux networking 484 Solaris networking 494 HP-UX network