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1. Introducing C
1.1 History of C Origins Standardization C++
1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of C Strengths Weaknesses Effective Use of C
2. C Fundamentals
2.1 Writing a Simple Program PROGRAM: Printing a Pun Compiling and Linking
2.2 The General Form of a Simple Program Directives Functions Statements Printing Strings
2.3 Comments
2.4 Variables and Assignment Types Declarations Assignment Printing the Value of a Variable PROGRAM: Computing the Dimensional Weight of a Box Initialization Printing Expressions
2.5 Reading Input PROGRAM: Computing the Dimensional Weight of a Box (Revisited)
2.6 Defining Constants PROGRAM: Converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius
2.7 Identifiers Keywords
2.8 Layout of a C Program
3. Formatted Input/Output
3.1 The printf Function Conversion Specifications PROGRAM: Using printf to Format Numbers Escape Sequences
3.2 The scanf Function How scanf Works Ordinary Characters in Format Strings Confusing printf with scanf PROGRAM: Computing the Value of Stock Holdings
4. Expressions
4.1 Arithmetic Operators Operator Precedence and Associativity PROGRAM: Computing a UPC Check Digit
4.2 Assignment Operators Simple Assignment Lvalues Compound Assignment
4.3 Increment and Decrement Operators
4.4 Expression Evaluation Order of Subexpression Evaluation
4.5 Expression Statements 5 Selection Statements
5.1 Logical Expressions Relational Operators Equality Operators Logical Operators
5.2 The if Statement Compound Statements The else Clause Cascaded if Statements PROGRAM: Calculating a Broker\''s Commission The \''Dangling else\'' Problem Conditional Expressions Boolean Values
5.3 The switch Statement The Role of the break Statement PROGRAM: Printing a Date in Legal Form
6. Loops
6.1 The while Statement Infinite Loops PROGRAM: Printing a Table of Squares PROGRAM: Summing a Series of Numbers
6.2 The do Statement PROGRAM: Calculating the Number of Digits in an Integer
6.3 The for Statement for Statement Idioms Omitting Expressions in a for Statement The Comma Operator PROGRAM: Printing a Table of Squares (Revisited)
6.4 Exiting from a Loop The break Statement The continue Statement The goto Statement PROGRAM: Balancing a Checkbook
6.5 The Null Statement
7. Basic Types
7.1 Integer Types Integer Constants Reading and Writing Integers PROGRAM: Summing a Series of Numbers (Revisited)
7.2 Floating Types Floating Constants Reading and Writing Floating-Point Numbers
7.3 Character Types Escape Sequences Character-Handling Functions Reading and Writing Characters PROGRAM: Determining the Length of a Message
7.4 The sizeof Operator
7.5 Type Conversion The Usual Arithmetic Conversions Conversion During Assignment Casting
7.6 Type Definitions
8. Arrays
8.1 One-Dimensional Arrays Array Subscripting PROGRAM: Reversing a Series of Numbers Array Initialization PROGRAM: Checking a Number for Repeated Digits Using the sizeof Operator with Arrays PROGRAM: Computing Interest
8.2 Multidimensional Arrays Initializing a Multidimensional Array Constant Arrays PROGRAM: Dealing a Hand of Cards
9. Functions
9.1 Defining and Calling Functions PROGRAM: Computing Averages PROGRAM: Printing a Countdown PROGRAM: Printing a Pun (Revisited) Function Definitions Function Calls PROGRAM: Testing Whether a Number Is Prime
9.2 Function Declarations
9.3 Arguments Argument Conversions Array Arguments
9.4 The return Statement The exit Function
9.6 Recursive Functions The Quicksort Algorithm PROGRAM: Quicksort
10. Program Organization
10.1 Local Variables Parameters
10.2 External Variables Example: Using External Variables to Implement a Stack Pros and Cons of External Variables PROGRAM: Guessing a Number
10.3 Blocks
10.4 Scope
10.5 Organizing a C Program PROGRAM: Classifying a Poker Hand
11. Pointers
11.1 Pointer Variables Declaring Pointer Variables
11.2 The Address and Indirection Operators The Address Operator The Indirection Operator
11.3 Pointer Assignment
11.4 Pointers as Arguments PROGRAM: Finding the Largest and Smallest Elements in an Array Using const to Protect Arguments
11.5 Pointers as Return Values
12. Pointers and Arrays
12.1 Pointer Arithmetic Adding an Integer to a Pointer Subtracting an Integer from a Pointer Subtracting Pointers Comparing Pointers
12.2 Using Pointers for Array Processing Combining the * and ++ Operators
12.3 Using an Array Name as a Pointer PROGRAM: Reversing a Series of Numbers (Revisited) Array Arguments (Revisited) Using a Pointer as an Array Name
12.4 Pointers and Multidimensional Arrays Processing the Elements of a Multidimensional Array Processing the Rows of a Multidimensional Array Using the Name of a Multidimensional Array as a Pointer
13. Strings
13.1 String Literals Escape Sequences in String Literals Continuing a String Literal How String Literals Are Stored Operations on String Literals String Literals versus Character Constants
13.2 String Variables Initializing a String Variable Character Arrays versus Character Pointers
13.3 Reading and Writing Strings Writing Strings Using printf and puts Reading Strings Using scanf and gets Reading Strings Character by Character
13.4 Accessing the Characters in a String
13.5 Using the C String Library The strcpy (String Copy) Function The strcat (String Concatenate) Function The strcmp (String Compare) Function The strlen (String Length) Function PROGRAM: Printing a One-Month Reminder List
13.6 String Idioms Searching for the End of a String Copying a String
13.7 Arrays of Strings Command-Line Arguments PROGRAM: Checking Planet Names
14. The Preprocessor
14.1 How the Preprocessor Works
14.2 Preprocessor Directives
14.3 Macro Definition Simple Macros Parameterized Macros The # Operator The ## Operator General Properties of Macros Parentheses in Macro Definitions Creating Longer Macros Predefined Macros
14.4 Conditional Compilation The #if and #endif Directives The defined Operator The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives The #elif and #else Directives Uses of Conditional Compilation
14.5 Miscellaneous Directives The #error Directive The #line Directive The #pragma Directive
15. Writing Large Programs
15.1 Source Files
15.2 Header Files The #include Directive Sharing Macro Definitions and Type Definitions Sharing Function Prototypes Sharing Variable Declarations Nested Includes Protecting Header Files #error Directives in Header Files
15.3 Dividing a Program into Files PROGRAM: Text Formatting
15.4 Building a Multiple-File Program Makefiles Errors During Linking Rebuilding a Program Defining Macros Outside a Program
16. Structures, Unions, and Enumerations
16.1 Structure Variables Declaring Structure Variables Initializing Structure Variables Operations on Structures
16.2 Structure Types Declaring a Structure Tag Defining a Structure Type Structures as Arguments and Return Values
16.3 Nested Arrays and Structures Nested Structures Arrays of Structures Initializing an Array of Structures PROGRAM: Maintaining a Parts Database
16.4 Unions Using Unions to Save Space Using Unions to Build Mixed Data Structures Adding a "Tag Field" to a Union
16.5 Enumerations Enumeration Tags and Types Enumerations as Integers Using Enumerations to Declare "Tag Fields"
17. Advanced Uses of Pointers
17.1 Dynamic Storage Allocation Memory Allocation Functions Null Pointers
17.2 Dynamically Allocated Strings Using malloc to Allocate Memory for a String Using Dynamic Storage Allocation in String Functions Arrays of Dynamically Allocated Strings PROGRAM: Printing a One-Month Reminder List (Revisited)
17.3 Dynamically Allocated Arrays Using malloc to Allocate Storage for an Array The calloc Function The realloc Function
17.4 Deallocating Storage The free Function The "Dangling Pointer" Problem
17.5 Linked Lists Declaring a Node Type Creating Nodes The -> Operator Inserting a Node at the Beginning of a Linked List Searching a Linked List Deleting a Node from a Linked List Ordered Lists PROGRAM: Maintaining a Parts Database (Revisited)
17.6 Pointers to Pointers
17.7 Pointers to Functions Function Pointers as Arguments The qsort Function PROGRAM: Tabulating the Trigonometric Functions
8. Declarations
18.1 Declaration Syntax
18.2 Storage Classes Properties of Variables The auto Sto