Hjem

Preface; The Design of the Book; The Implementation of the Book; Using the Code from This Book; Audience; Organization; Further Reading; Conventions Used in This Book; How to Contact Us; Safari® Enabled; Acknowledgments;
Chapter 1: Text;
1.1 Introduction;
1.1 Processing a String One Character at a Time;
1.2 Converting Between Characters and Numeric Codes;
1.3 Testing Whether an Object Is String-like;
1.4 Aligning Strings;
1.5 Trimming Space from the Ends of a String;
1.6 Combining Strings;
1.7 Reversing a String by Words or Characters;
1.8 Checking Whether a String Contains a Set of Characters;
1.9 Simplifying Usage of Strings'' translate Method;
1.10 Filtering a String for a Set of Characters;
1.11 Checking Whether a String Is Text or Binary;
1.12 Controlling Case;
1.13 Accessing Substrings;
1.14 Changing the Indentation of a Multiline String;
1.15 Expanding and Compressing Tabs;
1.16 Interpolating Variables in a String;
1.17 Interpolating Variables in a Stringin Python
2.4;
1.18 Replacing Multiple Patterns in a Single Pass;
1.19 Checking a String for Any of Multiple Endings;
1.20 Handling International Text with Unicode;
1.21 Converting Between Unicode and Plain Strings;
1.22 Printing Unicode Charactersto Standard Output;
1.23 Encoding Unicode Data for XML and HTML;
1.24 Making Some Strings Case-Insensitive;
1.25 Converting HTML Documents to Texton a Unix Terminal;
Chapter 2: Files;
2.1 Introduction;
2.1 Reading from a File;
2.2 Writing to a File;
2.3 Searching and Replacing Text in a File;
2.4 Reading a Specific Line from a File;
2.5 Counting Lines in a File;
2.6 Processing Every Word in a File;
2.7 Using Random-Access Input/Output;
2.8 Updating a Random-Access File;
2.9 Reading Data from zip Files;
2.10 Handling a zip File Inside a String;
2.11 Archiving a Tree of Files into a Compressed tar File;
2.12 Sending Binary Data to Standard Output Under Windows;
2.13 Using a C++-like iostream Syntax;
2.14 Rewinding an Input File to the Beginning;
2.15 Adapting a File-like Object to a True File Object;
2.16 Walking Directory Trees;
2.17 Swapping One File Extension for Another Throughout a Directory Tree;
2.18 Finding a File Given a Search Path;
2.19 Finding Files Given a Search Path and a Pattern;
2.20 Finding a File on the Python Search Path;
2.21 Dynamically Changing the PythonSearch Path;
2.22 Computing the Relative Path from One Directory to Another;
2.23 Reading an Unbuffered Character in a Cross-Platform Way;
2.24 Counting Pages of PDF Documents on Mac OS X;
2.25 Changing File Attributes on Windows;
2.26 Extracting Text from OpenOffice.org Documents;
2.27 Extracting Text from Microsoft Word Documents;
2.28 File Locking Using a Cross-Platform API;
2.29 Versioning Filenames;
2.30 Calculating CRC-64 Cyclic Redundancy Checks;
Chapter 3: Time and Money;
3.1 Introduction;
3.1 Calculating Yesterday and Tomorrow;
3.2 Finding Last Friday;
3.3 Calculating Time Periods in a Date Range;
3.4 Summing Durations of Songs;
3.5 Calculating the Number of Weekdays Between Two Dates;
3.6 Looking up Holidays Automatically;
3.7 Fuzzy Parsing of Dates;
3.8 Checking Whether Daylight Saving Time Is Currently in Effect;
3.9 Converting Time Zones;
3.10 Running a Command Repeatedly;
3.11 Scheduling Commands;
3.12 Doing Decimal Arithmetic;
3.13 Formatting Decimals as Currency;
3.14 Using Python as a Simple Adding Machine;
3.15 Checking a Credit Card Checksum;
3.16 Watching Foreign Exchange Rates;
Chapter 4: Python Shortcuts;
4.1 Introduction;
4.1 Copying an Object;
4.2 Constructing Lists with List Comprehensions;
4.3 Returning an Element of a List If It Exists;
4.4 Looping over Items and Their Indices in a Sequence;
4.5 Creating Lists of Lists Without Sharing References;
4.6 Flattening a Nested Sequence;
4.7 Removing or Reordering Columnsin a List of Rows;
4.8 Transposing Two-Dimensional Arrays;
4.9 Getting a Value from a Dictionary;
4.10 Adding an Entry to a Dictionary;
4.11 Building a Dictionary Without Excessive Quoting;
4.12 Building a Dict from a List of Alternating Keys and Values;
4.13 Extracting a Subset of a Dictionary;
4.14 Inverting a Dictionary;
4.15 Associating Multiple Values with Each Key in a Dictionary;
4.16 Using a Dictionary to Dispatch Methods or Functions;
4.17 Finding Unions and Intersections of Dictionaries;
4.18 Collecting a Bunch of Named Items;
4.19 Assigning and Testing with One Statement;
4.20 Using printf in Python;
4.21 Randomly Picking Items with Given Probabilities;
4.22 Handling Exceptions Within an Expression;
4.23 Ensuring a Name Is Defined in a Given Module;
Chapter 5: Searching and Sorting;
5.1 Introduction;
5.1 Sorting a Dictionary;
5.2 Sorting a List of Strings Case-Insensitively;
5.3 Sorting a List of Objects by an Attribute of the Objects;
5.4 Sorting Keys or Indices Basedon the Corresponding Values;
5.5 Sorting Strings with Embedded Numbers;
5.6 Processing All of a List''s Items in Random Order;
5.7 Keeping a Sequence Ordered as Items Are Added;
5.8 Getting the First Few Smallest Items of a Sequence;
5.9 Looking for Items in a Sorted Sequence;
5.10 Selecting the nth Smallest Element of a Sequence;
5.11 Showing off quicksort in Three Lines;
5.12 Performing Frequent Membership Tests on a Sequence;
5.13 Finding Subsequences;
5.14 Enriching the Dictionary Type with Ratings Functionality;
5.15 Sorting Names and Separating Them by Initials;
Chapter 6: Object-Oriented Programming;
6.1 Introduction;
6.1 Converting Among Temperature Scales;
6.2 Defining Constants;
6.3 Restricting Attribute Setting;
6.4 Chaining Dictionary Lookups;
6.5 Delegating Automatically as an Alternative to Inheritance;
6.6 Delegating Special Methods in Proxies;
6.7 Implementing Tuples with Named Items;
6.8 Avoiding Boilerplate Accessors for Properties;
6.9 Making a Fast Copy of an Object;
6.10 Keeping References to Bound Methods Without Inhibiting Garbage Collection;
6.11 Implementing a Ring Buffer;
6.12 Checking an Instance for Any State Changes;
6.13 Checking Whether an Object Has Necessary Attributes;
6.14 Implementing the State Design Pattern;
6.15 Implementing the "Singleton" Design Pattern;
6.16 Avoiding the "Singleton" Design Pattern with the Borg Idiom;
6.17 Implementing the Null Object Design Pattern;
6.18 Automatically Initializing Instance Variables from _ _init_ _ Arguments;
6.19 Calling a Superclass _ _init_ _ Method If It Exists;
6.20 Using Cooperative Supercalls Concisely and Safely;
Chapter 7: Persistence and Databases;
7.1 Introduction;
7.1 Serializing Data Using the marshal Module;
7.2 Serializing Data Using the pickle and cPickle Modules;
7.3 Using Compression with Pickling;
7.4 Using the cPickle Module on Classes and Instances;
7.5 Holding Bound Methods in a Picklable Way;
7.6 Pickling Code Objects;
7.7 Mutating Objects with shelve;
7.8 Using the Berkeley DB Database;
7.9 Accessing a MySQL Database;
7.10 Storing a BLOB in a MySQL Database;
7.11 Storing a BLOB in a PostgreSQL Database;
7.12 Storing a BLOB in a SQLite Database;
7.13 Generating a Dictionary Mapping Field Names to Column Numbers;
7.14 Using dtuple for Flexible Accessto Query Results;
7.15 Pretty-Printing the Contents of Database Cursors;
7.16 Using a Single Parameter-Passing Style Across Various DB API Modules;
7.17 Using Microsoft Jet via ADO;
7.18 Accessing a JDBC Database from a Jython Servlet;
7.19 Using ODBC to Get Excel Data with Jython;
Chapter 8: Debugging and Testing;
8.1 Introduction;
8.1 Disabling Execution of Some Conditionals and Loops;
8.2 Measuring Memory Usage on Linux;
8.3 Debugging the Garbage-Collection Process;
8.4 Trapping and Recording Exceptions;
8.5 Tracing Expressions and Comments in Debug Mode;
8.6 Getting More Information from Tracebacks;
8.7 Starting the Debugger Automatically After an Uncaught Exception;
8.8 Running Unit Tests Most Simply;
8.9 Running Unit Tests Automatically;
8.10 Using doctest with unittest in Python
2.4;
8.11 Checking Values Against Intervals in Unit Testing;
Chapter 9: Processes, Threads, and Synchronization;
9.1 Introduction;
9.1 Synchronizing All Methods in an Object;
9.2 Terminating a Thread;
9.3 Using a Queue.Queue as a Priority Queue;
9.4 Working with a Thread Pool;
9.5 Executing a Function in Parallel on Multiple Argument Sets;
9.6 Coordinating Threads by Simple Message Passing;
9.7 Storing Per-Thread Information;
9.8 Multitasking Cooperatively Without Threads;
9.9 Determining Whether Another Instanceof a Script Is Already Running in Windows;
9.10 Processing Windows Messages Using MsgWaitForMultipleObjects;
9.11 Driving an External Process with popen;
9.12 Capturing the Output and Error Streams from a Unix Shell Command;
9.13 Forking a Daemon Process on Unix;
Chapter 10: System Administration;
10.1 Introduction;
10.1 Generating Random Passwords;
10.2 Generating Easily Remembered Somewhat-Random Passwords;
10.3 Authenticating Users by Means of a POP Server;
10.4 Calculating Apache Hits per IP Address;
10.5 Calculating the Rate of Client Cache Hits on Apache;
10.6 Spawning an Editor from a Script;
10.7 Backing Up Files;
10.8 Selectively Copying a Mailbox File;
10.9 Building a Whitelist of Email Addresses From a Mailbox;
10.10 Blocking Duplicate Mails;
10.11 Checking Your Windows Sound System;
10.12 Registering or Unregistering a DLL on Windows;
10.13 Checking and Modifying the Set of Tasks Windows Automatically Runs at Login;
10.14 Creating a Share on Windows;
10.15 Connecting to an Already Running Instance of Internet Explorer;
10.16 Reading Microsoft Outlook Contacts;
10.17 Gathering Detailed System Informationon Mac OS X;
Chapter 11: User Interfaces;
11.1 Introduction;
11.1 Showing a Progress Indicator on a Text Console;
11.2 Avoiding lambda in Writing Callback Functions;
11.3 Using Default Values and Bounds with tkSimpleDialog Functions;
11.4 Adding Drag and Drop Reordering to a Tkinter Listbox;
11.5 Entering Accented Characters in Tkinter Widgets;
11.6 Embedding Inline GIFs Using Tkinter;
11.7 Converting Among Image Formats;
11.8 Implementing a Stopwatch in Tkinter;
11.9 Combining GUIs and Asynchrono