Hjem

1. INTRODUCTION.Case Study: How the Free Market Rocked the Grid. History of Electric Power Systems. Present and Future Trends. Electric Utility Industry Structure. Computers in Power System Engineering. PowerWorld Simulator.2. FUNDAMENTALS.Case Study: Key Connections (Microgrids). Phasors. Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase AC Circuits. Complex Power. Network Equations. Balanced Three-Phase Circuits. Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits. Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase vs. Single-Phase Systems.3. POWER TRANSFORMERS.Case Study: Power Transformer - Life Management and Extension. The Ideal Transformer. Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers. The Per-Unit System. Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift. Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers. Three-Winding Transformers. Autotransformers. Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios.4. TRANSMISSION-LINE PARAMETERS.Case Study: Integrating North America's Power Grid. Case Study: Grid Congestion. Resistance. Transmission Line Design Considerations. Resistance. Conductance. Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor. Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing. Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors. Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return. Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor. Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing. Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors. Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return. Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level. Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines.5. TRANSMISSION LINES: STEADY-STATE OPERATION.Case Study: The ABC's of HVDC Transmission Technologies. Medium and Short Line Approximations. Transmission-Line Differential Equations. Equivalent ? Circuit. Lossless Lines. Maximum Power Flow. Line Loadability. Reactive Compensation Techniques.6. POWER FLOWS.Case Study: Finding Flexibility: Cycling the Conventional Fleet. Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination. Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel. Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson. The Power Flow Problem. Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel. Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson. Control of Power Flow. Sparsity Techniques. Fast Decoupled Power Flow. The "DC" Power Flow. Economic Dispatch. Optimal Power Flow. Design Projects.7. SYMMETRICAL FAULTS.Case Study: Short-Circuit Modeling of a Wind Power Plant. Series R-L Circuit Transients. Three-Phase Short Circuit - Unloaded Synchronous Machine. Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits. Bus Impedance Matrix. Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection. Design Project.8. SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS.Case Study: Technological Progress in High-Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations of Symmetrical Components. Definition of Symmetrical Components. Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads. Sequence Networks of Series Impedances. Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines. Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines. Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers. Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers. Power in Sequence Networks.9. UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS.Case Study: Innovative Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear for Today's Applications. System Representation. Single Line-to-Ground Fault. Line-to-Line Fault. Double Line-to-Ground Fault. Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices. Design Projects.10. SYSTEM PROTECTION.Case Study: Upgrading Relay Protection. System Protection Components. Instrument Transformers. Overcurrent Relays. Radial System Protection. Reclosers and Fuses. Directional Relays. Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays. Zones of Protection. Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays. Diffe