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Acknowledgments xi Introduction xxxv
Part I: Getting Started 1
Chapter 1: Starting with Linux 3 Understanding What Linux Is 4 Understanding How Linux Differs from Other Operating Systems 6 Exploring Linux History 7 Free-flowing UNIX culture at Bell Labs 7 Commercial UNIX 9 GNU transitions UNIX to freedom 11 BSD loses some steam 12 Linus builds the missing piece 13 OSI open source definition 14 Understanding How Linux Distributions Emerged 16 Choosing a Red Hat distribution 16 Choosing Ubuntu or another Debian distribution 19 Finding Professional Opportunities with Linux Today 19 Understanding how companies make money with Linux 20 Becoming Red Hat certified 21 Summary 25
Chapter 2: Creating the Perfect Linux Desktop 27 Understanding Linux Desktop Technology 28 Starting with the Fedora GNOME Desktop Live image 30 Using the GNOME 3 Desktop 31 After the computer boots up 31 Setting up the GNOME 3 desktop 38 Extending the GNOME 3 desktop 39 Starting with desktop applications 41 Stopping the GNOME 3 desktop 46 Using the GNOME 2 Desktop 46 Using the Metacity window manager 48 Changing GNOME''s appearance 49 Using the GNOME panels 50 Adding 3D effects with AIGLX 54 Summary 57 Exercises 57
Part II: Becoming a Linux Power User 59
Chapter 3: Using the Shell 61 About Shells and Terminal Windows 62 Using the shell prompt 63 Using a Terminal window 63 Using virtual consoles 65 Choosing Your Shell 65 Running Commands 66 Understanding command syntax 67 Locating commands 70 Recalling Commands Using Command History 72 Command-line editing 73 Command-line completion 75 Command-line recall 76 Connecting and Expanding Commands 78 Piping between commands 78 Sequential commands 79 Background commands 79 Expanding commands 80 Expanding arithmetic expressions 80 Expanding variables 80 Using Shell Variables 81 Creating and using aliases 81 Exiting the shell 83 Creating Your Shell Environment 84 Configuring your shell 84 Setting your prompt 85 Adding environment variables 87 Getting Information about Commands 88 Summary 90 Exercises 90
Chapter 4: Moving Around the Filesystem 93 Using Basic Filesystem Commands 96 Using Metacharacters and Operators 98 Using file-matching metacharacters 98 Using file-redirection metacharacters 99 Using brace expansion characters 101 Listing Files and Directories 101 Understanding File Permissions and Ownership 105 Changing permissions with chmod (numbers) 106 Changing permissions with chmod (letters) 107 Setting default file permission with umask 108 Changing file ownership 109 Moving, Copying, and Removing Files 109 Summary 111 Exercises 111
Chapter 5: Working with Text Files 113 Editing Files with vim and vi 113 Starting with vi 115 Skipping around in the file 119 Searching for text 119 Using ex mode 120 Learning more about vi and vim 120 Finding Files 120 Using locate to find files by name 121 Searching for files with find 122 Searching in files with grep 128 Summary 129 Exercises 129
Chapter 6: Managing Running Processes 131 Understanding Processes 131 Listing Processes 132 Listing processes with ps 132 Listing and changing processes with top 134 Listing processes with System Monitor 136 Managing Background and Foreground Processes 137 Starting background processes 138 Using foreground and background commands 139 Killing and Renicing Processes140 Killing processes with kill and killall 140 Setting processor priority with nice and renice 142 Limiting Processes with cgroups 143 Summary 144 Exercises 145
Chapter 7: Writing Simple Shell Scripts 147 Understanding Shell Scripts 147 Executing and debugging shell scripts 148 Understanding shell variables 149 Performing arithmetic in shell scripts 152 Using programming constructs in shell scripts 153 Trying some useful text manipulation programs 159 Using simple shell scripts 161 Summary 163 Exercises 163
Part III: Becoming a Linux System Administrator 165
Chapter 8: Learning System Administration 167 Understanding System Administration 167 Using Graphical Administration Tools 169 Using the root User Account 174 Exploring Administrative Commands, Configuration Files, and Log Files 178 Administrative commands 178 Administrative configuration files 179 Using Other Administrative Accounts 185 Checking and Configuring Hardware 186 Checking your hardware 187 Managing removable hardware 189 Working with loadable modules 191 Summary 193 Exercises 193
Chapter 9: Installing Linux 195 Choosing a Computer 196 Installing Fedora from Live Media 198 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux from Installation Media 201 Understanding Cloud-Based Installations 204 Installing Linux in the Enterprise 205 Exploring Common Installation Topics 207 Upgrading or installing from scratch 207 Dual booting 208 Installing Linux to run virtually 209 Using installation boot options 210 Using specialized storage 213 Partitioning hard drives 214 Using the GRUB boot loader 217 Summary 219 Exercises 219
Chapter 10: Getting and Managing Software 221 Managing Software on the Desktop 221 Going Beyond the Software Window 223 Understanding Linux RPM and DEB Software Packaging 224 Understanding DEB packaging 225 Understanding RPM packaging 226 Managing RPM Packages with YUM 229 Transitioning from yum to dnf 229 Understanding how yum works 229 Using YUM with third-party software repositories 233 Managing software with the yum command 233 Installing, Querying, and Verifying Software with the rpm Command 241 Installing and removing packages with rpm 241 Querying rpm information 242 Verifying RPM packages 244 Managing Software in the Enterprise 245 Summary 246 Exercises 247
Chapter 11: Managing User Accounts 249 Creating User Accounts 249 Adding users with useradd 252 Setting user defaults 255 Modifying users with usermod 257 Deleting users with userdel 258 Understanding Group Accounts 259 Using group accounts 259 Creating group accounts 260 Managing Users in the Enterprise 261 Setting permissions with Access Control Lists 262 Centralizing User Accounts 269 Summary 270 Exercises 270
Chapter 12: Managing Disks and Filesystems 273 Understanding Disk Storage 273 Partitioning Hard Disks 275 Understanding partition tables 275 Viewing disk partitions 276 Creating a single-partition disk 277 Creating a multiple-partition disk 281 Using Logical Volume Manager Partitions 285 Checking an existing LVM 286 Creating LVM logical volumes 289 Growing LVM logical volumes 290 Mounting Filesystems 291 Supported filesystems 291 Enabling swap areas 293 Disabling swap area 294 Using the fstab file to define mountable file systems 295 Using the mount command to mount file systems 297 Mounting a disk image in loopback 298 Using the umount command 299 Using the mkfs Command to Create a Filesystem 300 Managing Storage with Cockpit 301 Summary 303 Exercises 303
Part IV: Becoming a Linux Server Administrator 305
Chapter 13: Understanding Server Administration 307 Starting with Server Administration 308 Step
1: Install the server 308 Step
2: Configure the server 310 Step
3: Start the server 311 Step
4: Secure the server 312 Step
5: Monitor the server 314 Checking and Setting Servers 316 Managing Remote Access with the Secure Shell Service 316 Starting the openssh-server service 317 Using SSH client tools 318 Using key-based (passwordless) authentication 324 Configuring System Logging 326 Enabling system logging with rsyslog 326 Watching logs with logwatch 331 Checking System Resources with sar 332 Checking System Space 334 Displaying system space with df 334 Checking disk usage with du 334 Finding disk consumption with find 335 Managing Servers in the Enterprise 336 Summary 336 Exercises 337
Chapter 14: Administering Networking 339 Configuring Networking for Desktops 340 Checking your network interfaces 342 Configuring network interfaces 349 Configuring a network proxy connection 352 Configuring Networking from the Command Line 353 Configure networking with nmtui 354 Editing a NetworkManager TUI connection 354 Understanding networking configuration files 355 Setting alias network interfaces 360 Setting up Ethernet channel bonding 361 Setting custom routes 363 Configuring Networking in the Enterprise 364 Configuring Linux as a router 364 <