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Introduction xxxi
Chapter 1: First Post 1 What is WordPress? 1 Popularity of WordPress 3 Current State 3 Intersecting the Community 4 WordPress and the GPL 5 Content and Conversation 6 WordPress as a Content Management System 6 Creating Conversation 7 Getting Started 7 Hosting Options 8 Do it Yourself Installation 9 Installing WordPress Files 10 Database Configuration 14 Finishing Up 18 FirstTime Administration 18 First Post 20 Summary 21
Chapter 2: Code Overview 23 Downloading 23 Download Locations 23 Available Formats 24 Release Archive 24 Directory and File Structure 25 WordPress Configuration 26 wpconfig.php File 26 Advanced wpconfig.php Options 29
.htaccess 35 The
.maintenance File 39 wpcontent User Playground 40 Plugins 40 Themes 41 Uploads and Media Directory 41 Upgrade Directory 41 Custom Directories 42 Summary 42
Chapter 3: Working with Wordpress Locally 43 Benefits of Working Locally 43 Typical Deployment Cycle 44 Why So Much Process? 44 Tools for Component Administration 46 Getting Your Development Stack 46 Adding WordPress to the Local Install 47 Configuration Details 48 Managing the Web Server Document Tree 49 Enabling Debug Information 50 Handling Local and Production Database 53 Creating Virtual Local Server Names 53 Local Theme and Plugin Development 56 Virtual Machines 56 Deploying Local Changes 57 Summary 59
Chapter 4: Tour of the Core 61 What''s in the Core? 61 Using the Core as a Reference 62 Inline Documentation 63 Finding Functions 64 Exploring the Core 66 Deprecated Functions 69 WordPress Codex and Code Reference 70 What is the Codex? 70 Using the Codex 70 Function Reference 72 WordPress APIs 73 Codex Controversy 75 Code Reference 75 Using the Code Reference 75 Code Reference Details 76 Codex Versus Code Reference 77 Don''t Hack the Core! 77 Why Not? 77 Alternatives to Hacking the Core 78 Summary 78
Chapter 5: The Loop 79 Understanding the Loop 80 From Query Parameters to SQL 81 Understanding Content in WordPress 82 Putting the Loop in Context 82 Flow of the Loop 83 Template Tags 86 Commonly Used Template Tags 86 Tag Parameters 87 Customizing the Loop 88 Using the WP_Query Object 88 Building a Custom Query 89 Adding Paging to a Loop 92 Using the pre_get_posts Hook 93 Using query_posts( ) 94 Using get_posts( ) 96 Resetting a Query 96 More Than One Loop 98 Advanced Queries 99 Global Variables 102 Post Data 102 Author Data 104 User Data 104 Environmental Data 105 Global Variables or Template Tags? 106 Working Outside the Loop 106 Summary 109
Chapter 6: Data Management 111 Database Schema 111 Table Details 113 WordPress Content Tables 114 WordPress Taxonomy Tables 115 WordPress Database Class 117 Simple Database Queries 117 Complex Database Operations 119 Dealing with Errors 121 Direct Database Manipulation 123 Summary 126
Chapter 7: Custom Post Types, Custom Taxonomies, and Metadata 127 Understanding Data in WordPress 127 What is a Custom Post Type? 128 Register Custom Post Types 128 Setting Post Type Labels 133 Working with Custom Post Types 135 Custom Post Type Template Files 136 Special Post Type Functions 136 WordPress Taxonomy 138 Default Taxonomies 138 Taxonomy Table Structure 139 Understanding Taxonomy Relationships 139 Building Your Own Taxonomies 140 Custom Taxonomy Overview 140 Creating Custom Taxonomies 140 Setting Custom Taxonomy Labels 144 Using Your Custom Taxonomy 145 Metadata 146 What is Metadata? 147 Adding Metadata 147 Updating Metadata 148 Deleting Metadata 148 Retrieving Metadata 149 Community Projects 150 Summary 151
Chapter 8: Plugin Development 153 Plugin Packaging 154 Creating a Plugin File 154 Creating the Plugin Header 154 Plugin License 155 Activating and Deactivating Functions 156 Internationalization 157 Determining Paths 159 Local Paths 160 URL Paths 160 Plugin Security 161 Nonces 161 Data Validation and Sanitization 163 Know Your Hooks: Actions and Filters 166 Actions and Filters 166 Popular Filter Hooks 168 Popular Action Hooks 169 Plugin Settings 171 Saving Plugin Options 171 Array of Options 172 Creating a Menu and Submenus 173 Creating a TopLevel Menu 173 Adding to an Existing Menu 175 Creating an Options Page 176 WordPress Integration 186 Creating a Meta Box 186 Shortcodes 191 Creating a Widget 192 Creating a Dashboard Widget 197 Creating Custom Tables 197 Uninstalling Your Plugin 200 Creating a Plugin Example 201 Publishing to the Plugin Directory 222 Restrictions 222 Submitting Your Plugin 223 Creating a readme.txt File 223 Setting Up SVN 226 Publishing to the Plugin Directory 228 Releasing a New Version 228 Plugin Assets 229 Summary 230
Chapter 9: Theme Development 231 Why Use a Theme? 231 Installing a Theme 232 FTP Installation 233 Theme Installer 233 What is a Theme? 234 Template Files 234 CSS 234 Images and Assets 235 Plugins 235 Creating Your Own Theme 235 Project Themes vs. Child Themes 235 What to Look for in a Starter Theme 236 Creating Your Own Theme: Getting Started 237 Essential File: Style.css 238 Showing Your Content: Index.php 239 Showing Your Content in Different Ways: Index.php 241 Creating Your Own Theme: DRY 241 Header.php 241 Footer.php 243 Sidebar.php 243 Deviations from the Norm: Conditional Tags 244 Creating Your Own Theme: Content Display 245 Customizing Your Homepage: FrontPage.php 246 Show Your Older Posts by Date: Archive.php 249 Showing Only One Category: Category.php 250 Show Posts of a Specific Tag: Tag.php 252 Other Archival Templates 253 How to Show a Single Post: Single.php 253 Display a Page: Page.php 255 Display Post Attachments: Attachment.php 255 Display Custom Post Types 256 Template Hierarchy 256 Creating Your Own Theme: Additional Files 258 Handling 404 Errors:
404.php 258 Author.php 259 Comments.php 260 Adding Functionality to Your Templates: Functions.php 261 Search.php 264 SearchForm.php 265 Other Files 266 Custom Page Templates 266 When to Use Custom Page Templates 267 How to Use Custom Page Templates 268 Stock Twenty Fourteen Page Templates 269 Other Theme Enhancements 269 Menu Management 269 Widget Areas 271 Post Formats 272 Theme Settings 274 Theme Customizer 274 Theme Hierarchy and Child Themes 275 Premium Themes and Other Theme Frameworks 279 Underscores (_s) Theme 280 Bones Theme 280 Carrington Core Theme 280 Genesis Theme 280 Hybrid Core Theme 281 Others Theme 281 Summary 281
Chapter 10: Multisite 283 What is Multisite? 283 Multisite Terminology 284 Differences 284 Advantages of Multisite 285 Enabling Multisite 285 Working in a Network 286 Network Admin 287 Creating and Managing Sites 287 Working with Users and Roles 288 Themes and Plugins 288 Settings 289 Domain Mapping 289 Coding for Multisite 290 Blog ID 290 Common Functions 290 Switching and Restoring Sites 292 Creating a New Site 295 Network Admin Menus 300 Multisite Options 301 Users in a Network 308 Super Admins 310 Network Stats 311 Large Networks 312 Multisite Database Schema 312 MultisiteSpecific Tables 312 SiteSpecific Tables 313 Summary 314
Chapter 11: Migrating to Wordpress 315 Understanding the Process 316 Content Sources 316 Migration Checklist 317 Site Preparation 318 Content Identification 318 Migrating Text Documents 319 Built-In WordPress Import Tools 319 Building a Custom Import Script 321 Media Migration 329 Moving Metadata 330 Moving Authors and Users 330 Theme and Presentation 331 Unique Functionality 331 Cleaning Up 331 Manual Fine-Tuning 332 Import Limitations 332 Updating URLs 332 Redirection 333 Launching 334 WP-CLI 334 What is WP-CLI? 334 Installing WP-CLI 335 Migration Example 335 Summary 337
Chapter 12: Crafting a User Experience 339 User Experience Principles 339 Consistent Navigation 340 Visual Design Elements 342 Making Content Easy to Find 343 Site Load Times 344 Using JavaScript 345 Usability and Usability Testing 346 Structu