Hjem

About The Author Xix Preface Xxi Preface To The First Edition Xxv Acknowledgments Xxvii
Part I Fundamentals 1 1 Introduction 3 2 Fundamental Field Equations 7
2.1 Maxwell''s Equations / 7
2.2 Time-Harmonic Case / 10
2.3 Constitutive Relations / 11
2.4 Boundary Conditions / 15
2.5 Energy Relations and Poynting''s Theorem / 18
2.6 Vector and Scalar Potentials / 22
2.7 Electric Hertz Vector / 24
2.8 Duality Principle and Symmetry of Maxwell''s Equations / 25
2.9 Magnetic Hertz Vector / 26
2.10 Uniqueness Theorem / 27
2.11 Reciprocity Theorem / 28
2.12 Acoustic Waves / 30 Problems / 33 3 Waves In Inhomogeneous And Layered Media 35
3.1 Wave Equation for a Time-Harmonic Case / 35
3.2 Time-Harmonic Plane-Wave Propagation in Homogeneous Media / 36
3.3 Polarization / 37
3.4 Plane-Wave Incidence on a Plane Boundary: Perpendicular Polarization (s Polarization) / 39
3.5 Electric Field Parallel to a Plane of Incidence: Parallel Polarization (p Polarization) / 43
3.6 Fresnel Formula, Brewster''s Angle, and Total Reflection / 44
3.7 Waves in Layered Media / 47
3.8 Acoustic Reflection and Transmission from a Boundary / 50
3.9 Complex Waves / 51
3.10 Trapped Surface Wave (Slow Wave) and Leaky Wave / 54
3.11 Surface Waves Along a Dielectric Slab / 57
3.12 Zenneck Waves and Plasmons / 63
3.13 Waves in Inhomogeneous Media / 66
3.14 WKB Method / 68
3.15 Bremmer Series / 72
3.16 WKB Solution for the Turning Point / 76
3.17 Trapped Surface-Wave Modes in an Inhomogeneous Slab / 77
3.18 Medium With Prescribed Profile / 80 Problems / 81 4 Waveguides And Cavities 85
4.1 Uniform Electromagnetic Waveguides / 85
4.2 TM Modes or E Modes / 86
4.3 TE Modes or H Modes / 87
4.4 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues / 89
4.5 General Properties of Eigenfunctions for Closed Regions / 91
4.6 k-β Diagram and Phase and Group Velocities / 95
4.7 Rectangular Waveguides / 98
4.8 Cylindrical Waveguides / 100
4.9 TEM Modes / 104
4.10 Dispersion of a Pulse in a Waveguide / 106
4.11 Step-Index Optical Fibers / 109
4.12 Dispersion of Graded-Index Fibers / 116
4.13 Radial and Azimuthal Waveguides / 117
4.14 Cavity Resonators / 120
4.15 Waves in Spherical Structures / 123
4.16 Spherical Waveguides and Cavities / 128 Problems / 133 5 Green''s Functions 137
5.1 Electric and Magnetic Dipoles in Homogeneous Media / 137
5.2 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by an Electric Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 139
5.3 Electromagnetic Fields Excited by a Magnetic Dipole in a Homogeneous Medium / 144
5.4 Scalar Green''s Function for Closed Regions and Expansion of Green''s Function in a Series of Eigenfunctions / 145
5.5 Green''s Function in Terms of Solutions of the Homogeneous Equation / 150
5.6 Fourier Transform Method / 155
5.7 Excitation of a Rectangular Waveguide / 157
5.8 Excitation of a Conducting Cylinder / 159
5.9 Excitation of a Conducting Sphere / 163 Problems / 166 6 Radiation From Apertures And Beam Waves 169
6.1 Huygens'' Principle and Extinction Theorem / 169
6.2 Fields Due to the Surface Field Distribution / 173
6.3 Kirchhoff Approximation / 176
6.4 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction / 178
6.5 Fourier Transform (Spectral) Representation / 182
6.6 Beam Waves / 183
6.7 Goos-Hanchen Effect / 187
6.8 Higher-Order Beam-Wave Modes / 191
6.9 Vector Green''s Theorem, Stratton-Chu Formula, and Franz Formula / 194
6.10 Equivalence Theorem / 197
6.11 Kirchhoff Approximation for Electromagnetic Waves / 198 Problems / 199 7 Periodic Structures And Coupled-Mode Theory 201
7.1 Floquet''s Theorem / 202
7.2 Guided Waves Along Periodic Structures / 203
7.3 Periodic Layers / 209
7.4 Plane Wave Incidence on a Periodic Structure / 213
7.5 Scattering from Periodic Surfaces Based on the Rayleigh Hypothesis / 219
7.6 Coupled-Mode Theory / 224 Problems / 229 8 Dispersion And Anisotropic Media 233
8.1 Dielectric Material and Polarizability / 233
8.2 Dispersion of Dielectric Material / 235
8.3 Dispersion of Conductor and Isotropic Plasma / 237
8.4 Debye Relaxation Equation and Dielectric Constant of Water / 240
8.5 Interfacial Polarization / 240
8.6 Mixing Formula / 241
8.7 Dielectric Constant and Permeability for Anisotropic Media / 244
8.8 Magnetoionic Theory for Anisotropic Plasma / 244
8.9 Plane-Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media / 247
8.10 Plane-Wave Propagation in Magnetoplasma / 248
8.11 Propagation Along the DC Magnetic Field / 249
8.12 Faraday Rotation / 253
8.13 Propagation Perpendicular to the DC Magnetic Field / 255
8.14 The Height of the Ionosphere / 256
8.15 Group Velocity in Anisotropic Medium / 257
8.16 Warm Plasma / 259
8.17 Wave Equations for Warm Plasma / 261
8.18 Ferrite and the Derivation of Its Permeability Tensor / 263
8.19 Plane-Wave Propagation in Ferrite / 266
8.20 Microwave Devices Using Ferrites / 267
8.21 Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem for Anisotropic Media / 270
8.22 Bi-Anisotropic Media and Chiral Media / 272
8.23 Superconductors, London Equation, and the Meissner Effects / 276
8.24 Two-Fluid Model of Superconductors at High Frequencies / 278 Problems / 280 9 Antennas, Apertures, And Arrays 285
9.1 Antenna Fundamentals / 285
9.2 Radiation Fields of Given Electric and Magnetic Current Distributions / 289
9.3 Radiation Fields of Dipoles, Slots, and Loops / 292
9.4 Antenna Arrays with Equal and Unequal Spacings / 296
9.5 Radiation Fields from a Given Aperture Field Distribution / 301
9.6 Radiation from Microstrip Antennas / 305
9.7 Self- and Mutual Impedances of Wire Antennas with Given Current Distributions / 308
9.8 Current Distribution of a Wire Antenna / 313 Problems / 314 10 Scattering Of Waves By Conducting And Dielectric Objects 317
10.1 Cross Sections and Scattering Amplitude / 318
10.2 Radar Equations / 321
10.3 General Properties of Cross Sections / 322
10.4 Integral Representations of Scattering Amplitude and Absorption Cross Sections / 325
10.5 Rayleigh Scattering for a Spherical Object / 328
10.6 Rayleigh Scattering for a Small Ellipsoidal Object / 330
10.7 Rayleigh-Debye Scattering (Born Approximation) / 334
10.8 Elliptic Polarization and Stokes Parameters / 338
10.9 Partial Polarization and Natural Light / 341
10.10 Scattering Amplitude Functions f11, f12, f21, and f22 and the Stokes Matrix / 342
10.11 Acoustic Scattering / 344
10.12 Scattering Cross Section of a Conducting Body / 346
10.13 Physical Optics Approximation / 347
10.14 Moment Method: Computer Applications / 350 Problems / 354 11 Waves In Cylindrical Structures, Spheres, And Wedges 357
11.1 Plane Wave Incident on a Conducting Cylinder / 357
11.2 Plane Wave Incident on a Dielectric Cylinder / 361
11.3 Axial Dipole Near a Conducting Cylinder / 364
11.4 Radiation Field / 366
11.5 Saddle-Point Technique / 368
11.6 Radiation from a Dipole and Parseval''s Theorem / 371
11.7 Large Cylinders and the Watson Transform / 373
11.8 Residue Series Representation and Creeping Waves / 376
11.9 Poisson''s Sum Formula, Geometric Optical Region, and Fock Representation / 379
11.10 Mie Scattering by a Dielectric Sphere / 382
11.11 Axial Dipole in the Vicinity of a Conducting Wedge / 390
11.12 Line Source and Plane Wave Incident on a Wedge / 392
11.13 Half-Plane Excited by a Plane Wave / 394 Problems / 395 12 Scattering By Complex Objects 401
12.1 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for Soft and Hard Surfaces / 402
12.2 Scalar Surface Integral Equations for a Penetrable Homogeneous Body / 404
12.3 EFIE and MFIE / 406
12.4 T-Matrix Method (Extended Boundary Condition Method) / 408
12.5 Symmetry and Unitarity of the T-Matrix and the Scattering Matrix / 414
12.6 T-Matrix Solution for Scattering from Periodic Sinusoidal Surfaces / 416
12.7 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TM Case / 418
12.8 Volume Integral Equations for Inhomogeneous Bodies: TE Case / 423
12.9 Three-Dimensional Dielectric Bodies / 426
12.10 Electromagnetic Aperture Integral Equations for a Conducting Screen / 427
12.11 Small Apertures / 430
12.12 Babinet''s Principle and Slot and Wire Antennas / 433
12.13 Electromagnetic Diffraction by Slits and Ribbons / 439
12.14 Related Problems / 441 Problems / 441 13 Geometric Theory Of Diffraction And Lowfrequency Techniques 443
13.1 Geometric Theory of Diffraction / 444
13.2 Diffraction by a Slit for Dirichlet''s Problem / 447
13.3 Diffraction by a Slit for Neumann''s Problem and Slope Diffraction / 452
13.4 Uniform Geometric Theory of Diffraction for an Edge / 455
13.5 Edge Diffraction for a Point Source / 457
13.6 Wedge Diffraction for a Point Source / 461
13.7 Slope Diffraction and Grazing Incidence / 463
13.8 Curved Wedge / 463
13.9 Other High-Frequency Techniques / 465
13.10 Vertex and Surface Diffraction / 466