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Viser: Organic Chemistry II for Dummies

Organic Chemistry II For Dummies, 1. udgave
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Organic Chemistry II For Dummies Vital Source e-bog

John T. Moore og Richard H. Langley
(2010)
John Wiley & Sons
163,00 kr.
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Organic Chemistry II for Dummies

Organic Chemistry II for Dummies

John T. Moore og Richard H. Langley
(2010)
Sprog: Engelsk
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
155,00 kr.
Denne titel er udgået og kan derfor ikke bestilles. Vi beklager.

Detaljer om varen

  • 1. Udgave
  • Vital Source searchable e-book (Fixed pages): 384 sider
  • Udgiver: John Wiley & Sons (Juni 2010)
  • Forfattere: John T. Moore og Richard H. Langley
  • ISBN: 9780470596951
A plain-English guide to one of the toughest courses around So, you survived the first semester of Organic Chemistry (maybe even by the skin of your teeth) and now it's time to get back to the classroom and lab! Organic Chemistry II For Dummies is an easy-to-understand reference to this often challenging subject. Thanks to this book, you'll get friendly and comprehensible guidance on everything you can expect to encounter in your Organic Chemistry II course. An extension of the successful Organic Chemistry I For Dummies Covers topics in a straightforward and effective manner Explains concepts and terms in a fast and easy-to-understand way Whether you're confused by composites, baffled by biomolecules, or anything in between, Organic Chemistry II For Dummies gives you the help you need — in plain English!
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Detaljer om varen

  • Paperback: 384 sider
  • Udgiver: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated (Juli 2010)
  • Forfattere: John T. Moore og Richard H. Langley
  • ISBN: 9780470178157
A plain-English guide to one of the toughest courses around

So, you survived the first semester of Organic Chemistry (maybe even by the skin of your teeth) and now it's time to get back to the classroom and lab Organic Chemistry II For Dummies is an easy-to-understand reference to this often challenging subject.

Thanks to this book, you'll get friendly and comprehensible guidance on everything you can expect to encounter in your Organic Chemistry II course.

  • An extension of the successful Organic Chemistry I For Dummies
  • Covers topics in a straightforward and effective manner
  • Explains concepts and terms in a fast and easy-to-understand way

Whether you're confused by composites, baffled by biomolecules, or anything in between, Organic Chemistry II For Dummies gives you the help you need -- in plain English

Introduction 1 About This Book 1 Conventions Used in This Book 2 What You''re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 How This Book Is Organized 3
Part I: Brushing Up on Important Organic Chemistry I Concepts 3
Part II: Discovering Aromatic (And Not So Aromatic) Compounds 3
Part III: Carbonyls: Good Alcohols Gone Bad 3
Part IV: Advanced Topics (Every Student''s Nightmare) 4
Part V: Pulling It All Together 4
Part VI: The
Part of Tens 4 Icons Used in This Book 4 Where to Go from Here 5
Part I: Brushing Up on Important Organic Chemistry I Concepts 7
Chapter 1: Organic Chemistry II: Here We Go Again! 9 Recapping Organic Chemistry I 10 Intermolecular forces 10 Functional groups 11 Reactions 11 Spectroscopy 11 Isomerism and optical activity 12 Looking Ahead to Organic Chemistry II 14
Chapter 2: Remembering How We Do It: Mechanisms 17 Duck -- Here Come the Arrows 17 Coming Around to Curved Arrows 19 Getting Ready for Some Basic Moves 20 Bond â?? lone pair 21 Bond â?? bond 21 Lone pair â?? bond 22 Combining the Basic Moves 22 Intermediates 24 Keys to substitution and elimination mechanisms 25 Revisiting Free-Radical Mechanisms 27
Chapter 3: Alcohols and Ethers: Not Just for Drinking and Sleeping 31 Getting Acquainted with Alcohols 31 Structure and nomenclature of alcohols 32 Physical properties of alcohols 33 Making moonshine: Synthesis of alcohols 34 What will they do besides burn? Reactions of alcohols 40 Introducing Ether (Not the Ether Bunny) 46 Structure and nomenclature of ethers 46 Sleepy time: Physical properties of ethers 46 Synthesis of ethers 47 Reactions of ethers 49 Summarizing the Spectra of Alcohols and Ethers 51
Chapter 4: Conjugated Unsaturated Systems 53 When You Don''t Have Enough: Unsaturated Systems 53 Conjugated systems 53 The allylic radical 54 Butadiene 55 Delocalization and Resonance 56 Resonance rules 56 Stability of conjugated unsaturated systems 57 Reactions of Conjugated Unsaturated Systems 57 Put in the second string: Substitution reactions 57 Electrophilic addition 59 More than a tree: Diels-Alder reactions 62 Passing an Exam with Diels-Adler Questions 65 Indentifying the product 65 Identifying the reactants 66
Chapter 5: "Seeing" Molecules: Spectroscopy Revisited 67 Chemical Fingerprints: Infrared Spectroscopy 68 Double bonds 68 Triple bonds 69 O-H and N-H stretches 69 C-H stretches 69 Suntans and Beyond: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy 70 Not Weight Watchers, Mass Watchers: Mass Spectroscopy 72 The molecular ion 72 Fragmentation 73 No Glowing Here: NMR Spectroscopy 73 Proton 74 Carbon-13 77
Part II: Discovering Aromatic (And Not So Aromatic) Compounds 79
Chapter 6: Introducing Aromatics 81 Benzene: Where It All Starts 81 Figuring out benzene''s structure 81 Understanding benzene''s resonance 83 The stability of benzene 84 Physical properties of benzene 85 Organic math -- Hückel''s Rule 85 Other aromatics 87 Smelly Relatives: The Aromatic Family 87 Nomenclature of the aromatic family 87 Derivatives of benzene 88 Branches of aromatic groups 89 Black Sheep of the Family: Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds 89 Aromatic nitrogen compounds 90 Aromatic oxygen and sulfur compounds 90 Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds 90 IR 91 UV-vis 91 NMR 91 Mass spec 92
Chapter 7: Aromatic Substitution
Part I: Attack of the Electrophiles 93 Basics of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions 94 Reactions of Benzene 95 Halogenation of benzene 95 Nitration of benzene 96 Sulfonation of benzene 97 Friedel-Crafts Reactions 99 Alkylation 99 Acylation 100 Why Do an Alkylation? 101 Changing Things: Modifying the Reactivity of an Aromatic 101 Lights, camera, action: Directing 102 Turning it on, turning it off: Activating and deactivating 107 Steric hindrance 109 Limitations of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions 109
Chapter 8: Aromatic Substitution
Part II: Attack of the Nucleophiles and Other Reactions 111 Coming Back to Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 111 Mastering the Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 112 Losing and Gaining: Mechanisms of Elimination/Addition Reactions 114 Benzyne 114 The elimination/addition mechanism 114 Synthetic Strategies for Making Aromatic Compounds 115 Briefly Exploring Other Reactions 117
Part III: Carbonyls: Good Alcohols Gone Bad 121
Chapter 9: Comprehending Carbonyls 123 Carbonyl Basics 123 Considering compounds containing the carbonyl group 124 Getting to know the acidic carbonyl 127 Polarity of Carbonyls 128 Resonance in Carbonyls 129 Reactivity of the Carbonyl Group 130 Spectroscopy of Carbonyls 130 Infrared spectroscopy 130 Ultraviolet-visible (electronic) spectroscopy 131 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 132 Mass spectroscopy 134
Chapter 10: Aldehydes and Ketones 137 Meeting Alcohol''s Relatives: Structure and Nomenclature 137 Defining Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 139 Creating Aldehydes and Ketones with Synthesis Reactions 140 Oxidation reactions 140 Reduction reactions 142 Other reactions 143 Taking Them a Step Further: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 146 Nucleophilic attack of aldehydes and ketones 147 Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones 156 The Baeyer-Villiger reaction 158 Checking Out Spectroscopy Specs 160
Chapter 11: Enols and Enolates 161 Getting to Know Enols and Enolates 161 Enough already: Structure of enols and enolates 162 I thought I saw a tautomer 163 Studying the Synthesis of Enols and Enolates 164 Thinking Through Reactions of Enols and Enolates 166 Haloform reactions 166 Aldol reactions and condensations 168 Addition reactions to unsaturated aldehydes and ketones 173 Other enolate-related reactions 178 Miscellaneous reactions 180
Chapter 12: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 187 Seeing the Structure and Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 188 Structure 188 Nomenclature 188 Checking Out Some Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives 193 Carboxylic acids 193 Esters 193 Amides 194 Considering the Acidity of Carboxylic Acids 194 Determining How Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Are Synthesized 196 Synthesizing carboxylic acids 196 Developing acyl halides with halogen 199 Removing water to form acid anhydrides 200 Uniting acids and alcohols to make esters 202 Bringing acids and bases together to create amides 206 Exploring Reactions 208 Generous carboxylic acids 209 Simple acyl halide and anhydride reactions 210 Hydrolysis of esters 210 Amide reactions, ester''s cousins 211 Other reactions of carboxylic acids and derivatives 213 Taking a Look at Spectroscopy and Chemical Tests 217 Identifying compounds with spectral data 218 Using chemical tests 218
Part IV: Advanced Topics (Every Student''s Nightmare) 219
Chapter 13: Amines and Friends 221 Breaking Down the Structure and Nomenclature of Nitrogen Compounds 221 Primary amines 222 Secondary and tertiary amines 223 Quaternary amines (quaternary ammonium salts) 223 Heterocyclics 224 Sizing Up the Physical Properties 225 Understanding the Basicity of Nitrogen Compounds 226 Synthesizing Nitrogen Compounds 227 Nucleophilic substitution reactions 227 Reduction preparations 229 Seeing How Nitrogen Compounds React 233 Reactions with nitrous acid 233 Replacement reactions 235 Coupling reactions of diazonium salts 239 Reactions with sulfonyl chlorides 239 Exploring elimination reactions 241 Mastering Multistep Synthesis 244 Identifying Nitrogen Compounds with Analysis and Spectroscopy 246
Chapter 14: Metals Muscling In: Organometallics 249 Grignard Reagents: Grin and Bear It 249 Preparation of Grignard reagents 250 Reactions of Grignard reagents 250 Organolithium Reagents 256 Formation of Other Organometallics 257 Putting It Together 258
Chapter 15: More Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds 261 Checking Out the Claisen Condensation and Its Variations 262 Doing the two-step: Claisen condensation 262 Circling around: Dieckmann condensation 264 Doubling Up: Crossed Claisen condensation 265 Other carbanions 266 Exploring Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis 267 Defining Malonic Ester Synthesis 269 Working with Other Active Hydrogen Atoms 273 Reacting with Knoevenagel Condensation 273 Looking at Mannich Reactions 275 Creating Enamines: Stork Enamine Synthesis 277 Putting It All Together with Barbiturates 279
Chapter 16: Living Large: Biomolecules 281 Delving into Carbohydrate Complexities 282 Introducing carbohydr
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