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Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi About the Author xxiii
Part I: Fundamentals, Data Centers, and IP PBXs 1
Chapter 1: Computing and Enabling Technologies 3 Fiber-Optic and Copper Cabling 5 Chips-Building Blocks of the Digital Age 21 Packetized Data 23 Deep Packet Inspection: Monitoring, Prioritizing, and Censoring Traffic 26 Compression 30 Increasing Network Capacity via Multiplexing 37 Using Protocols to Establish a Common Set of Rules 40 Protocols and Layers 41 Virtualization: Space, Cost, and Maintenance Efficiencies 42 Managing Virtualization 44 The Cloud: Applications and Development at Providers' Data Centers 47 Summary 62 Appendix 63
Chapter 2: Data Centers and LANs, Storage, and IP Private Branch Exchanges 67 Introduction 68 What Is a LAN? 69 Switches, Media, and Protocols in LANs 70 IP PBXs-Voice, Video, and Unified Communications 99 IP Telephony-Converting Voice Signals to Digital Data 101 Unified Communications, Contact Centers, and Video Conferencing 107 Appendix 118
Part II: Industry Overview and Regulations 123
Chapter 3: Competition, Industry Structures, and Regulations 125 Introduction 126 The 1984 Breakup of AT&T 128 Regulatory Issues 138 The State of the Industry-Consolidation via Mergers 149 Non-Traditional Competitors: Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Microsoft 156 Appendix 168
Part III: Managing Broadband Networks and Broadband Network Services 169
Chapter 4: Managing Broadband Networks 171 Introduction 172 The Public Network 173 Core Networks-Between Cities and Continents 175 Bandwidth Capabilities in Carrier Networks 187 Optical Transport Networks-Carrying Multiple Types of Traffic 191 Transporting Movies and TV in the Core 195 Middle-Mile Networks 197 Last-Mile Access Networks 199 Access Networks in Cable Operators' Networks 209 Using Cable Modem Termination Systems for IP Traffic 211 Telecommunications Services in National Emergencies 217 Signaling 220 Appendix 224
Chapter 5: Broadband Network Services 227 Introduction 228 VoIP Calling Services over Broadband 231 Multi-Protocol Label Switching for Interoffice Connections 235 IP Virtual Private Networks over the Internet 238 Adding Security on Traffic Sent over IP VPNs 240 Managed Services 245 Digital Subscriber Line-Distance Limitations; Operates on Copper Cabling 247 Carrier Gigabit Ethernet 249 Network Topology on Dedicated, Private Lines 252 Appendix 266
Part IV: The Internet and Cellular Networks 269
Chapter 6: The Internet 271 Introduction 272 What Is the Internet? 273 Streaming-A Disruptive Technology 280 The Structure of the Internet 290 Security: Connected, Ubiquitous Networks-Vulnerable to Malicious Hackers 297 Privacy 306 The Impact of E-Commerce 308 Fostering Civic Participation and Engagement-Online Forums 309 Network Neutrality 311 The Digital Divide: Bandwidth, Skills, and Computers 315 Intranets and Extranets 317
Chapter 7: Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks 321 Introduction 322 Spectrum for Wireless Networks-A Critical Asset 323 More Efficient 4th Generation Digital Networks 333 LTE-The First True 4th Generation Cellular Protocol 336 5G Mobile Networks-Small Cells; Additional Capacity 359 The Internet of Things (IoT) 362 Applications and Services 366 Wi-Fi Standards, Architecture, and Their Use in Cellular Networks 368 Satellites-Geosynchronous and Low Earth Orbiting 380 Appendix 382 Glossary 389 Index 415