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Viser: Elements of Chemistry

Elements of Chemistry
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Elements of Chemistry Vital Source e-bog

Antoine Lavoisier
(2011)
Dover Publications
227,00 kr.
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Elements of Chemistry

Elements of Chemistry

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
(1984)
Sprog: Engelsk
Dover Publications, Incorporated
217,00 kr.
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Detaljer om varen

  • Vital Source searchable e-book (Reflowable pages): 539 sider
  • Udgiver: Dover Publications (September 2011)
  • ISBN: 9780486141251
The debt of modern chemistry to Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794) is incalculable. With Lavoisier's discoveries of the compositions of air and water (he gave the world the term 'oxygen') and his analysis of the process of combustion, he was able to bury once and for all the then prevalent phlogiston doctrine. He also recognized chemical elements as the ultimate residues of chemical analysis and, with others, worked out the beginnings of the modern system of nomenclature. His premature death at the hands of a Revolutionary tribunal is undoubtedly one of the saddest losses in the history of science. Lavoisier's theories were promulgated widely by a work he published in 1789: Traité élémentairede Chimie. The famous English translation by Robert Kerr was issued a year later. Incorporating the notions of the "new chemistry," the book carefully describes the experiments and reasoning which led Lavoisier to his conclusions, conclusions which were generally accepted by the scientific community almost immediately. It is not too much to claim that Lavoisier's Traité did for chemistry what Newton's Principia did for physics, and that Lavoisier founded modern chemistry. Part One of the Traité covers the composition of the atmosphere and water, and related experiments, one of which (on vinous fermentation) permits Lavoisier to make the first explicit statement of the law of the conservation of matter in chemical change. The second part deals with the compounds of acids with various bases, giving extensive tables of compounds. Its most significant item, however, is the table of simple substances or elements — the first modern list of the chemical elements. The third section of the book reviews in minute detail the apparatus and instruments of chemistry and their uses. Some of these instruments, etc. are illustrated in the section of plates at the end. This new facsimile edition is enhanced by an introductory essay by Douglas McKie, University College London, one of the world's most eminent historians of science. Prof. McKie gives an excellent survey of historical developments in chemistry leading up to the Traité, Lavoisier's major contributions, his work in other fields, and offers a critical evaluation of the importance of this book and Lavoisier's role in the history of chemistry. This new essay helps to make this an authoritative, contemporary English-language edition of one of the supreme classics of science.
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Detaljer om varen

  • Paperback: 640 sider
  • Udgiver: Dover Publications, Incorporated (Juni 1984)
  • ISBN: 9780486646244
The debt of modern chemistry to Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) is incalculable. With Lavoisier's discoveries of the compositions of air and water (he gave the world the term 'oxygen') and his analysis of the process of combustion, he was able to bury once and for all the then prevalent phlogiston doctrine. He also recognized chemical elements as the ultimate residues of chemical analysis and, with others, worked out the beginnings of the modern system of nomenclature. His premature death at the hands of a Revolutionary tribunal is undoubtedly one of the saddest losses in the history of science.
Lavoisier's theories were promulgated widely by a work he published in 1789: Traité élémentairede Chimie. The famous English translation by Robert Kerr was issued a year later. Incorporating the notions of the "new chemistry," the book carefully describes the experiments and reasoning which led Lavoisier to his conclusions, conclusions which were generally accepted by the scientific community almost immediately. It is not too much to claim that Lavoisier's Traité did for chemistry what Newton's Principia did for physics, and that Lavoisier founded modern chemistry.
Part One of the Traité covers the composition of the atmosphere and water, and related experiments, one of which (on vinous fermentation) permits Lavoisier to make the first explicit statement of the law of the conservation of matter in chemical change. The second part deals with the compounds of acids with various bases, giving extensive tables of compounds. Its most significant item, however, is the table of simple substances or elements -- the first modern list of the chemical elements. The third section of the book reviews in minute detail the apparatus and instruments of chemistry and their uses. Some of these instruments, etc. are illustrated in the section of plates at the end.
This new facsimile edition is enhanced by an introductory essay by Douglas McKie, University College London, one of the world's most eminent historians of science. Prof. McKie gives an excellent survey of historical developments in chemistry leading up to the Traité, Lavoisier's major contributions, his work in other fields, and offers a critical evaluation of the importance of this book and Lavoisier's role in the history of chemistry. This new essay helps to make this an authoritative, contemporary English-language edition of one of the supreme classics of science.

PART FIRST. Of the Formation and Decomposition of Aëriform Fluids, of the Combustion of Simple Bodies, and the Formation of Acids CHAP. I.Of the Combinations of Caloric, and the Formation of Elastic Aëriform Fluids or Gaffes CHAP. II.General Views relative to the Formation and Composition of our Atmosphere CHAP. III. Analysis of Atmospheric Air, and its Division into two Elastic Fluids ; one fit for Respiration, and the other incapable of being respired CHAP. IV. Nomenclature of the several constituent Parts of Atmospheric Air CHAP. V. Of the Decomposition of Oxygen Gas by Sulphur, Phosphorus, and Charcoal, and of the Formation of Acids in general CHAP. VI. Of the Nomenclature of Acids in general, and particularly of those drawn from Nitre and Sea Salt CHAP. VII. Of the Decomposition of Oxygen Gas by means of Metals, and the Formation of Metallic Oxyds CHAP. VIII. Of the Radical Principle of Water, and of its Decomposition by Charcoal and Iron CHAP. IX. Of the Quantities of Caloric disengaged from different Species of Combustion, Combustion of Phosphorus SECT. I. Combustion of Charcoal SECT. II. Combustion of Hydrogen Gas SECT. III. Formation of Nitric Acid SECT. IV. Combustion of Wax SECT. V. Combustion of Olive Oil CHAP. X. Of the Combustion of Combustible Substances with each other CHAP. XI. Observations upon Oxyds and Acids with several Bases, and upon the Composition of Animal and Vegetable Substances CHAP. XII. Of the Decomposition of Vegetable and Animal Substances by the Action of Fire CHAP. XIII. Of the Decomposition of Vegetable Oxyds by the Vinous Fermentation CHAP. XIV. Of the Putrefactive Fermentation CHAP. XV. Of the Acetous Fermentation CHAP. XVI. Of the Formation of Neutral Salts, and of their Bases SECT. I. Of Potash SECT. II. Of Soda SECT. III. Of Ammoniac SECT. IV. Of Lime, Magnesia, Barytes, and Argill SECT. V. Of Metallic Bodies CHAP. XVII. Continuation of the Observations upon Salisiable Bases, and the Formation of Neutral Salts
PART II. Of the Combinations of Acids with Salisiable Bases, and of the Formation of Neutral Salts INTRODUCTION TABLE of Simple Substances SECT. I. Observations upon simple Substances TABLE of Compound Oxydable and Acidisiable Bases SECT. II. Observations upon Compound Radicals SECT. III. Observations upon the Combinations of Light and Caloric with different Substances TABLE of the Combinations of Oxygen with the Simple Substances, to face SECT. IV. Observations upon these Combinations TABLE of the Combinations of Oxygen with Compound Radicals SECT. V. Observation upon these Combinations TABLE of the Combinations of Azote with the Simple Substances SECT. VI. Observations upon these Combinations of Azote TABLE of the Combinations of Hydrogen with Simple Substances SECT. VII. Observations upon Hydrogen, and its Combinations TABLE of the Binary Combinations of Sulphur with the Simple Substances SECT. VIII. Observations upon Sulphur, and its Combinations TABLE of the Combinations of Phosphorous with Simple Substances SECT. IX. Observations upon Phosphorous and its Combinations TABLE of the Binary Combinations of Charcoal SECT. X. Observations upon Charcoal, and its Combinations SECT. XI. Observations upon the Muriatic, Fluoric, and Boracic Radicals, and their Combinations SECT. XII. Observations upon the Combinations of Metals with each other TABLE of the Combinations of Azote, in the State of Nitrous Acid, with the Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Azote, in the State of Nitric Acid, with the Salisiable Bases SECT. XIII. Observations upon Nitrous and Nitric Acids, and their Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Sulphuric Acid with the Salisiable Bases SECT. XIV. Observations upon Sulphuric Acid, and its Combinations TABLE of the Combinations of Sulphurous Acid SECT. XV. Observations upon Sulphurous Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Phosphorous and Phosphoric Acids SECT. XVI. Observations upon Phosphorous and Phosphoric Acids, and their Combination with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Carbonic Acid SECT. XVII. Observations upon Carbonic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Muriatic Acid TABLE of the Combinations of Oxygenated Muriatic Acid SECT. XVIII. Observations upon Muriatic and Oxygenated Muriatic Acid, and their Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Nitro-Muriatic Acid SECT. XIX. Observations upon Nitro-muriatic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Fluoric Acid SECT. XX. Observations upon Fluoric Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Boracic Acid SECT. XXI. Observations upon Boracic Acid, and its Combinations with Sulisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Arseniac Acid SECT. XXII. Observations upon Arseniac Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXIV. Observations upon Tungstic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases, and a Table of these in the order of their Affinity TABLE of the Combinations of Tartarous Acid SECT. XXV. Observations upon Tartarous Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXVI. Observations upon Mallic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Citric Acid SECT. XXVII. Observations upon Citric Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Pyro-lignous Acid SECT. XXVIII. Observations upon Pyro-lignous Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXIX. Observations upon Pyro-tartarous Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Pyro-mucous Acid SECT. XXX. Observations upon Pyro-mucous Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Oxalic Acid SECT. XXXI. Observations upon Oxalic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Acetous Acid, to face SECT. XXXII. Observations upon Acetous Acid, and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combination of Acetic Acid SECT. XXXIII. Observations upon Acetic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Succinic Acid SECT. XXXIV. Observations upon Succinic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXXV. Observations upon Benzoic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXXVI. Observations upon Camphoric Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXXVII. Observations upon Gallic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases SECT. XXXVIII. Observations upon Lactic Acid, and its Combinations with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Saccho-lactic Acid SECT. XXXIX. Observations upon Saccho-lactic Acid, and its Combination with Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of Formic Acid SECT. XL. Observations upon Formic Acid, and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases SECT. XLI. Observations upon the Bombic Acid, and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combinations of the Sebacic Acid SECT. XLII. Observations upon the Sebacic Acid and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases SECT. XLIII. Observation upon the Lithic Acid, and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases TABLE of the Combination of the Prussic Acid SECT. XLIV. Observations upon the Prussic Acid, and its Combinations with the Salisiable Bases
PART III. Description of the Instruments and Operations of Chemistry INTRODUCTION CHAP. I. Of the Instruments necessary for determining the Absolute and Specific Gravities of Solid and Liquid Bodies CHAP. II. Of Gazometry, or the Measurement of the Weight and Volume of Aëriform Substances SECT. I. Of the Pneumato-chemical Apparatus SECT. II. Of the Gazometer SECT. III. Some other methods for Measuring the Volume of Gasses SECT. IV. Of the method of Separating the different Gasses from each other SECT. V. Of the necessary Corrections of the Volume of Gasses, according to the Pressure of the Atmosphere SECT. VI. Of the Correction relative to the Degrees of the Thermometer SECT. VII. Example for Calculating the Corrections relative to the Variations of Pressure and Temperature SECT. VIII. Method of determining the Weight of the different Gasses CHAP. III. Description of the Calorimeter, or Apparatus for measuring Caloric CHAP. IV. Of the Mechanical Operations for Division of Bodies SECT. I. Of Trituration, Levigation, and Pulverization SECT. II. Of Sifting and Washing Powdered Substances SECT. III. Of Filtration SECT. IV. Of Decantation CHAP. V. Of Chemical means for Separating the Particles of Bodies from each other without Decomposition, and for Uniting them again SECT. I. Of the Solution of Salts SECT. II. Of Lixivation SECT. III. Of Evaporation SECT. IV. Of Cristallization SECT. V. Of Simple Distillation SECT. VI. Of Sublimation CHAP. VI. Of Pneumato-chemical Distillations, Metallic Dissolutions, and some other operations which require very complicated instruments SECT. I. Of Compound and Pneumato-chemical Distillations SECT. II. Of Metallic Dissolutions SECT. III. Apparatus necessary in Experiments upon Vinous and Putresac
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